trade

Ontology elements (classes, relationships or attributes) are created with no relation to the rest of the ontology. An example of this type of pitfall is to create the relationship "memberOfTeam" and to miss the class representing teams; thus, the relationship created is isolated in the ontology.

This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:

• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Handling
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#Entity

Ontology terms lack annotations properties. This kind of properties improves the ontology understanding and usability from a user point of view.

This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:

• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Linear_Value
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Loc_Store_Zone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Bank_Consig
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_situation
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Fax_Phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Prevision_Profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#service_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Receive
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_commision_agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Commission_Agent
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#Entity
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Commercial_Discount
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Average_Price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_zon
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_measure_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ_bank_consig
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#finantial_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Statistical_Proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_virtual_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_type_linear
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Doc_Bid
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Doc_Deliver
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#External_Agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Expiration
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price_purch
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Supl_Bid
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Purchase_Price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Office
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Postcode
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Province
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ_bank_paym
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Location
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Accounting_Proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Agents_Clasif_Accounting
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_homol_serv_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Transport_Clasif
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#ValidTime
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Profit_Rate
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_cust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Final
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Homol_Serv_Suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#transport_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Town
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Material_Suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_creation_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Products_Clasif
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Customer
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Doc_Type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Post_Locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Cust_Invoice
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasStartTime
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_sector_indust
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasValidTime
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_entry_date
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasTime
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Temp_Locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Agents_Clasif_Amount_Warranty
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Url
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Region
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Loc_Store_Row
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Price_Type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Homolog
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Measure_Units_Clasif
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_prev_profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_Suppl
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#ValidPeriod
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_location
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Return_Note
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Payment_Type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_expiry_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_Energy
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#energy_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_finan
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Packing_Charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Place
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Single_Agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_prev
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Sales_Return
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Cash_Price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result_sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Upkeep_Charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Product
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_prev_sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_accounting_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_paym_order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Clasif
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_paid_by
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Doc_Order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_str
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Loc_Store_Col
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Country
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Prevision_Proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Prod_Order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_postcod
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Finan_Serv_Suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Agents_Clasif
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Admin_Charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Loc_Store_Level
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#homolog_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_type_percent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_comm_division
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Desktop_Phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Charge_Type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Seller
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Supl_Order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Exit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_deliv_note
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Supplier
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_invoicing_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_desktop
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Prevision_Sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_banking_commision
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_Product
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_TIC
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_Financial
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Market_Price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_supplier
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_deliv_return
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Result_Sales
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#Granularity
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_packing
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Store_Locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Cost_Price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Energ_Serv_Suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Percent_Value
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Accounting_Accounts
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Storage_Proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_Homolog
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_address
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Warehouse
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Delivery_Note
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Bank_Accounts
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_suppl_serv
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_final_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_bank_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_value_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Bank_Rate
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_admin
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Method
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_email
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_init_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_lev
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_region
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_country
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Serv_Order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv_cust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_discount
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Agents_Clasif_Commercial_Reliability
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Tax_Rate
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#To_Store_Trans
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Process
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_exit_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Commercial_Division
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Comm_Serv_Suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result_profit
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#Proposition
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Warehouse_In
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Internal_Agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_row
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Transp_Serv_Suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price_sale
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Virtual_Locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_paym_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Manager
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_loc_situ
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_homologation
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_finan_serv_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Currency_Product
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Result_Proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_provin
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Purchase_Return
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Shipping_Charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_office_asigned
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_clasification
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_web_site
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Priority_Level
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_delivery
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#From_Store_Trans
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_suppl_prod
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_seller
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Handling
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Result_Profit
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#ExtendedProposition
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_value_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_shipping
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_warranty
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_receipt_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_mobile
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Situation_Types
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Supl_Invoice
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Finantial_Charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#products_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Doc_Invoices
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Multi_Agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Warehouse_Out
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Shopping_Entrie
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Cust_Bid
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_owner
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Mobile_Phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Agents_Clasif_Indust_Sectors
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_return_note
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_loc_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Creation
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_town
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_col
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Loc_Store_Street
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Entry_Account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_taxes
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Material_Product
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Cust_Order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Entry
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid_cust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Value
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Trade_Value_Types
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_fax
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#comm_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_account_registry
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Rappel_Rate
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasFinishTime
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Sales_Commission
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Bank_Commission
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_upkeep
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Net_Price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Payments
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Doc_Financial
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_commision
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#ValidInstant
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Date_Init
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_sales_commision
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Service_Transp
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_currency_expr
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Invoice_Type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Address
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Euribor_Rate
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Sale_Price
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasGranularity
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#Email

Relationships and/or attributes without domain or range (or none of them) are included in the ontology. There are situations in which the relation is very general and the range should be the most general concept "Thing". However, in other cases, the relations are more specific and it could be a good practice to specify its domain and/or range. An example of this type of pitfall is to create the relationship "hasWritten" in an ontology about art in which the relationship domain should be "Writer" and the relationship range should be "LiteraryWork". This pitfall is related to the common error when defining ranges and domains described in [3].

This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:

• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_row
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_type_percent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_commision
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_mobile
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_col
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_lev
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_delivery
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result_sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_str
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_virtual_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_location
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_supplier
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_zon
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result_profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_loc_date

This pitfall appears when a relationship (except for the symmetric ones) has not an inverse relationship defined within the ontology. For example, the case in which the ontology developer omits the inverse definition between the relations "hasLanguageCode" and "isCodeOf", or between "hasReferee" and "isRefereeOf".

This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:

• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_owner
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#service_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_admin
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_deliv_note
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_comm_division
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_fax
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_final_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_postcod
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_virtual_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_seller
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_measure_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_town
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_value_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result_sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_prev_sales
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_entry_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_row
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_paym_order
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_mobile
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_paid_by
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_str
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_loc_situ
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_loc_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_finan_serv_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_bank_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_deliv_return
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_taxes
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#finantial_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_upkeep
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_situation
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_commision
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_value_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#energy_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_shipping
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#products_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_provin
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_clasification
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_suppl_serv
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_web_site
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_expiry_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone_desktop
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_receipt_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_account_registry
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_phone
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_finan
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_temp_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_homologation
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_locat
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_type_percent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_warranty
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#comm_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_zon
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_col
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_type_linear
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_office_asigned
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasGranularity
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_cust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#homolog_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_paym_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_homol_serv_suppl
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_exit_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price_sale
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_delivery
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_packing
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_banking_commision
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_email
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_accounting_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_country
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_sector_indust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_creation_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_inv_cust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#transport_supply
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_price_purch
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_result_profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_supplier
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_init_date
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ_bank_consig
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_currency_expr
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_account
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_commision_agent
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_bid_cust
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_invoicing_type
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_financ_bank_paym
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_prev_profit
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_discount
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_statist_proc_prev
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_address
• http://swrl.stanford.edu/ontologies/built-ins/3.3/temporal.owl#hasValidTime
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_postal_region
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_doc_order_suppl_prod
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_store_locat_lev
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_return_note
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_sales_commision
• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_location

Ontology elements are not named using the same convention within the whole ontology. It is considered a good practice that the rules and style of lexical encoding for naming the different ontology elements is homogeneous within the ontology. One possibility for rules is that concept names start with capital letters and property names start with non-capital letters. In the case of style, there are different options such as camel case, hyphen style, underscore style, and the combinations. Some notions about naming conventions are provided in [2].

*This pitfall applies to the ontology in general instead of specific elements

Two relationships are defined as equivalent relations when they are not necessarily.

This pitfall affects to the following ontology elements:

• http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_upkeep http://localhost:8080/trade.owl#have_charge_admin

Guidelines in [5] suggest avoiding file extension in persistent URIs, particularly those related to the technology used, as for example ".php" or ".py". In our case we have adapted it to the ontology web languages used to formalized ontologies and their serializations. In this regard, we consider as pitfall including file extensions as ".owl", ".rdf", ".ttl", ".n3" and ".rdfxml" in an ontology URI. An example of this pitfall (at 29th June, 2012) could be found in the "BioPAX Level 3 ontology (biopax)" ontology��s URI (http://www.biopax.org/release/biopax-level3.owl) that contains the extension ".owl" related to the technology used.

*This pitfall applies to the ontology in general instead of specific elements and it appears in the ontology URI: http://personal.us.es/aparedes/Trade.owl